自考英语语法复合句中的省略用法

　　【导读】英语是山东自考本科专业必须要考的一门课程，很多山东自考考生对于英语科目是比较抵触的，尤其是英语是弱项的考生，对于如何去复习英语可能有些摸不着头脑，山东自考网的小编为大家总结了一些英语语法学习方法，快一起看下去吧。

一、在对话、交谈中

1. 回答问题时，往往可省略从句或主句中的某些成分、甚至整个从句或主句。如：

(1) —Where were you when the fire broke out last night? 昨天晚上发生火灾时，你在哪？

—(I was ) In Li Lei’s. 在李蕾家。

(2) —What will you do when you finish your homework? 你做完作业后干什么？

—I’ll go to play football with some friends. 我去跟朋友踢足球。

(3) —What are you going to be when you grow up? 你长大后打算干什么？

—I’m going to be a businessman. 我打算去做生意。

2. 提出建议、劝告、警告或许诺等时，也可省略句子中的某些成分。如：

(1) Work harder, and you’ll succeed. 工作再努力些，你就会成功。

(2) Take care when you walk on the ice. 在冰上行走时要小心。

(3) Hurry up, or you’ll be late. 快一点，不然就会迟到了。

二、某些句型中

1. 表示时间、条件、让步、方式等状语从句中，如果从句的主语跟主句的主语一致或从句的主语是it，而谓语动词是系动词be时，就可将从句的主语及系动词 be 省略。如：

(1) Solid can be turned into liquid and liquid into gas if heated enough. =solid can be turned into liquid and liquid can be turned into gas if it is heated enough. 如果加到足够的热，固体会变成液体，而液体又会变成气体。

(2) Have a little more if delicious. =You have a little more if it is delicious  如果好吃就多吃一点。

(3) Make changes where necessary. =You make changes where it is necessary. 在必要的地方作些修改。

(4) I won’t attend his party, though invited a few days ago. = I won’t attend his party, though I was invited a few days ago. 尽管几天前请了我，但我还是不会参加他的聚会。

2. 表示时间、条件、让步、方式等状语从句中，如果从句的主语跟主句的主语一致，就可将从句的主语省略，同时，将从句中的谓语动词变为分词形式。如：

(1) He was very excited when told that he had passed the exam. =He was very excited when he was told that he had passed the exam. 当告诉他考试通过了时，他非常兴奋。

(2) If running a little faster, he will take the first place. =If he runs a little faster, he will take the first place. 如果再跑快一点，他就会获得第一名。

(3) They began to talk warmly as if being good friends. =They began to talk warmly as if they were good friends. 他们就好像是好朋友一样开始热烈地谈论起来。

3. 条件从句中的主语是第二人称时，可将if及从句的主语省略成为祈使句，从而用and / or 等将两句连接起来，成为并列句。如：

(1) Give me ten more minutes, and I’ll finish it. = If you give me ten more minutes, I’ll finish it. 多给我十分钟，我就会把它完成了。

(2) Drive slowly, or you’ll get a fine. = If you don’t drive slowly, you’ll get a fine. 开慢一点，否则你就会被罚。

有时，这个句型可进一步省略，成为：more + 名词，and + 句子。如：

A little more effort, and you get it finished. = If you make a little more effort, you’ll get it finished. 再努力一点，你就会把它完成了。
4. 比较状语从句中，常将从句中与主句中的相同成分省略。如：

(1) The weather in the south is much better than in the north. = The weather in the south is much better than the weather in the north is good. 南方的天气比北方的天气好多了。

(2) The Beijing you see today is much more beautiful than it was twenty years ago. = The Beijing you see today is much more beautiful than it was beautiful twenty years ago. 你今天所看到的北京比二十年前的北京漂亮多了。

注意：当比较的主句和从句都为及物动词带宾语时，从句省略后，留下的代词用主格或宾格时，意思不同。如：

He likes the dog better than she. 他比她更喜欢那条狗。

He likes the dog better than her. 他喜欢那条狗甚于喜欢她。

因此，从句的主语若为名词，省略谓语部分后须加助动词do 的适当形式，否则就会产生歧义。如：

He likes his dog better than his wife does. 他比他的妻子更喜欢那条狗。

He likes his dog better than his wife. 他喜欢那条狗甚于喜欢他的妻子。

5. 名词性从句中的一部分省略。如：

(1) He was late this morning, but I don’t know why. 他今天早晨吃到了，但我不知道他迟到的原因。

(2) He got here this morning, but do you know how? 他今天早晨就到这儿了，但我不知道他是怎么来的。

6. 主句中的一部分省略。如：

(1) Glad to hear that you succeeded in finding the answer. 听说你成功地找到了答案，我很高兴。

(2) What if he did come today? 要是他今天不来，那怎么办呢？

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