【导读】英语是山东自考本科专业必须要考的一门课程，很多山东自考考生对于英语科目是比较抵触的，尤其是英语是弱项的考生，对于如何去复习英语可能有些摸不着头脑，山东自考网的小编为大家总结了一些英语语法学习方法，快一起看下去吧。
基数词构成法
1)基数词（Caidinal Numerals)指表示数目的词。下面是最基本的基数词，其他数目都由这些基数词构成：
| Ⅰ |
Ⅱ |
Ⅲ |
Ⅳ |
| 1 one |
11 eleven |
|
100 |
| 2 two |
12 twelve |
20 twenty |
a hundred |
| 3 three |
13 thirteen |
30 thirty |
1,000 |
| 4 four |
14 fourteen |
40 forty |
a thousand |
| 5 five |
15 fifteen |
50 fifty |
1,000,000 |
| 6 six |
16 sixteen |
60 sixty |
a million |
| 7 seven |
17 seventeen |
70 seventy |
1,000,000,000 |
| 8 eight |
18 eighteen |
80 eighty |
a billion（十亿） |
| 9 nine |
19 nineteen |
90 ninety |
|
| 10 ten |
|
|
|
2）基数词构成法：
除了上表列出的词外，其他基数词构成的方法如下：
a.21—29：先说“几十”，再说“几”，中间要加连字号：
39 thirty-nine 52 fifty-two
83 eighty-three 91 ninety-one
b.109—999:先说“几百”，再加and,再加末尾两位数或末位数：
375 three hundred and seventy-five
582 five hundred and eighty-two
819 eight hundred and nineteen
902 nine hundred and two
c.1，000以上的词：
先从后向前数，每三位数加一个逗号，用这个方法把数目分作若干段，再一段段地念；第一个逗号前的数为thousand，第二个逗号前的数为million，第三个逗号前的数为billion，例如：
4,007 four thousand and seven
8,021 eight thousand and twenty-one
13,849 thirteen thousand, eight hundred and forty-nine
631,562 six hundred and thirty-one thousand, five hundred and sixty-two
54,256,000 fifty-four million, two hundred and fifty-six thousand
970,000,000 nine hundred and seventy million
14,800,000,000 fourteen billion eight hundred million
2,000,000,000,000 two trillion（两万亿）
在这类数词中，hundred，thousand，million，billion等词都用单数形式。
基数词在句中的作用
1）基数词在句中主要用作：
a.定语：
(1)The river is about eighty miles long. 这条河大约八十英里长。
(2)By then he was more than fifty years of age. 这时他已五十多岁了。
(3)Over 4,650,000 workers were involved in the strikes. 有四百六十五万多工人参加了这些罢工。
b.主语：
(1)There were millions of blooms. 有数以百万计的花。
(2)Two of the girls are from California. 姑娘中有两个来自加州。
(3)Three will be enough. 三个就够了。
c.宾语或介词宾语：
(1)I read four of her novels. 我看了她写的四本小说。
(2)“How many workers do they employ?” “Over two hundred, I think.” “他们雇佣了多少工人？”“我想有两百多吧。”
(3)The city has a population of three million. 这座城市有三百万人口。
d.表语：
(1)He was a little over five. 他才五岁多一点。
(2)Its population is nearly two million. 它的人口接近两百万。
(3)I’m fourteen and she’s twelve. 我十四岁，她十二岁。
e.同位语：
(1)You two take these seats. 你们两人坐这里。
(2)Have you got tickets for us three? 有我们三个人的票吗？
2）基数词还可用于复数形式，表示很大的数量：
(1)The boat cost hundreds of pounds. 这条船花了几百英镑。
(2)Thousands of people attended the meeting. 数千人参加了这次会议。
(3)Millions (of people) are at risk from the disease. 数以百万计的人受到这种疾病的威胁。
(4)Tens of thousands of buffaloes used to roam the prairie.草原上过去有数以万计的野牛。
(5)Thousands upon thousands of scallops appear off Long Island in the fall. 秋天长岛附近的海滩上会出现数以万计的扇贝。
3）某些基数词的复数形式可以用在“in the (one’s)—”结构中，表示：
a.年岁：
(1)He was a thinnish fellow in his forties. 他是个偏瘦的人，有四十多岁了。
(2)She is in her early (late) twenties. 她现在二十一二（八九）岁。
(3)He died in his fifties. 他五十多岁时死了。
b.年代：
(1)This took place in the 1950’s. 这事发生在（二十世纪）五十年代。
(2)He was working abroad in the 70’s. 七十年代他在国外工作。
4）一些数学公式的读法如下：
7+4=11 Seven plus four is eleven.
12-5=7 Twelve minus five is seven.
6×8=48 Six times eight (Six multiplied by eight) is forty-eight.
24÷6=4 Twenty-four divided by six is four.
a > b a is more than b.
a < b a is less than b.
a≈b a approximately equals b.
a≠b a is not equal to b.
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