2023年4月山东自考《现代语言学》复习习题及答案

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Ⅰ.Multiple Choice

Directions:Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A,B,C or D in the brackets.(2%×10=20%)

1.The pair of words “lend”and “borrow”are ___.(      )

  A.gradable opposites       B.relational opposites    C.co-hyponyms           D.synonyms

2.The discovery of Indo-European language family began with the work of the British scholar     .(      )

  A.Jacob Grimm      B.Rasmus Rask    C.Franz Bopp       D.Sir William Jones

3.A linguist regards the changes in language and language use as __.(      )

  A.unusual          B.something to be feared    C.abnormal         D.natural

4.__produce fast and fluent speech with good intonation and pronunciation but the content of their speech ranges from mildly inappropriate to complete nonsense,often as unintelligible.(      )

  A.Broca's aphasic   B.The linguistic deprivation  C.The damage on the angular gyrus    D.Wernicke's aphasic

5.Some Southern learners of English in China tend to say “night” as “light”.This shows:    .(      )

  A.They cannot pronounce/n/     

  B.Interlangue interference because there is notthe sound /n/in their mother tongue

  C.The teachers do not have a good teaching method

  D.They do not like to pronounce nasal sounds

6.A word with several meanings is called __word.(      )

  A.a polysemous    B.a synonymous    C.an abnormal    D.a multiple

7.The function of the sentence “A nice day, isn't it?”is __.(      )

  A.informative     B.phatic    C.directive     D.performative

8.The most recognizable differences between American English and British English are in __ and vocabulary.(      )

  A.usage          B.grammar      C.pronunciation      D.structure

9.__deals with the way in which a language varies through geographical space.(      )

  A.Linguistic geography      B.Lexicology    C.Lexicography         D.Sociolinguistics

10.The semantic components of the word “gentleman” can be expressed as __.(      )

   A.+animate,+male,+human,-adult

   B.+animate,+male,+human,+adult

   C.+animate,-male,+human,-adult

   D.+animate,-male,+human,+adult

 

Ⅱ.Blank Filling

Directions:Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word,the first letter of which is already given as a clue.Note that you are to fill in ONE word only,and you are not allowed to change the letter given.(1%×10=10%)

11.A sentence is a structurally independent unit that usually comprises a number of w________ to form a complete statement,q________or command.

12.In sociolinguistic studies,speakers are treated as members of s__g________.

13.Utterance is based on ________   ________ ;it is  the realization of the abstract meaning of a sentence in a real situation of communication,or simply in a context.

14.To many people,a linguist is the same as a ________,one who can speak several languages fluently.

15.Consonant sounds can be either  v ________or v__,while all vowel sounds are v________.

 

Ⅲ.True of False question

Directions: Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets in front of each statement. I (2%×10=20%)

16.All words may be said to contain a root morpheme.(      )

17.Tense and reference are two terms often encountered in the study of meaning.(      )

18.Linguistics is the course of language.(      )

19.The part of a sentence which compriese comprises an infinite verb or a verb phrase is grammatically called predicate.(      )

20.Historical linguistics equals to the study of synchronic study.(      )

21.The term dialect,as a technical term in linguistics,carries value judgement and not simply refers to a distinct form of language.(      )

22.Morphology is translated as 形态学。(      )

23.The word “photographically” is made up of 4 morphemes.(      )

24.The smallest meaningful unit of language is allomorph.(      )

25.Semantics is the main part of linguistics.(      )

Ⅳ.Definition

Directions: Explain the following terms, using one or two examples if necessary.

(3%×10=30%)

26.general linguistics27.suprasegmental features28.root and stem29.hierarchical structure30.naming theory and conceptualist view31.maxims of quality and manner32.blending33.sociolect34.subvocal speech

35.contrastive analysis

Ⅴ.Answer the following questions.(10%×2=20%)

36.Paraphrase each of the following sentences in two different ways to show the syntactic rules account for the ambiguity of sentences.

(1)The shooting of the hunters might be terrible.

(2)He saw young men and women present.

(3)They were surprised at the president's appointment.

37.Decide the meaning of the following affixes and give each affix two examples.