2023年10月山东自考本科《英语（一）》考点串讲（14）

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二.宾语从句

在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。

1. 宾语从句常由that引导，在口语中常省略。当主句中谓语动词是现在或将来时态时，从句中谓语动词不受主句中谓语动词时态的影响，按需要可以使用任何时态。如：

She says (that) she works from Monday to Friday. 从句是一般现在时

She says (that) she will leave a message on his desk. 从句是一般将来时

当主句谓语是过去时态，从句中的时态一般用表示过去的某种时态。如：

He said there were no classes yesterday afternoon. 从句是一般过去时

He said (that) he was going to take care of the baby. 从句是过去将来时

He said (that) they were having a meeting at that time. 从句是过去进行时

当主句谓语是过去时态，而宾语从句叙述某一客观真理(事实)时，宾语从句的时态则用一般现在时。如：

The teacher told us(that) nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it.

老师告诉我们世上无难事只怕有心人。

He said that light travels much faster than sound. 他说光传播比声音传播快得多。

2. 否定转移

1) 将think, believe, suppose, expect, fancy, imagine等动词后面宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。

I don't think I know you.　我想我并不认识你。

I don't believe he will come.　我相信他不回来。

注意：若谓语动词为hope,宾语从句中的否定词不能转移。

I hope you weren't ill. 我想你没有生病吧。

2) 将seem, appear 等后的从句的否定转移到前面。

It doesn't seem that they know where to go.看来他们不知道往哪去。

It doesn't appear that we'll have a sunny day tomorrow. 看来我们明天不会碰上好天气。

Key words and phrases

1. efficiency : n 效率，其他同根词：efficient: a 高效率的;inefficient: a 效率低的;inefficiency : n; effective: a 有效果的

1). He has done much to increase the ____ of English teaching.

2). She is very _____ in reducing waste.

3). His ____ study method caused his failure.

4). The city government took some _____ measures to reduce unemployment.

Answers: efficiency, efficient; inefficient, effective

2. increasingly: ad不断增加地， 由此可以联想到：

increase：v 增加; increasing: a 不断增加的; decrease: v减少;

1). Drinking and smoking among young people _____ to an alarming extent.

2). The truth is becoming ______ apparent.

3). The ____ friendly relations between the two countries strengthen the cultural exchanges between them.

3. prevalent: a 流行的，普通的 = popular

4. calculator : n 计算者，计算器，calculate: v 计算;calculation : n 计算; calculating: a 诡计多端的

5. expose: v 使暴露，揭露，揭发，exposure: n; expose sb to sth让某人接触。。。

6. completion: n 完成、结束，由此可以联想到：

complete: v完成，a 完整的，completeness: n 完整;incomplete: a 不完整的

1). He ____ denied the existence of god.

2). He has never ____ a project on time.

3). Money will be paid half in advance and half on _______.

4). When will the new railway ________?

7). intensity : n 强烈、剧烈，由此可以联想到：

intense = strong: a 强烈的, intensive: a 密集的，加强的;intensify: v 加强;intension: n 强烈、紧张。

1). We should ____ the struggle for peace.

2). There are few strong situations or moments of dramatic ______.

3). They have been receiving a four-day ____ training course.

4). They kept working in the ____ heat.

Answers: intensify, intensity, intensive, intense

8. defective : a 有缺点的，defect: n 缺点

9. assemble: v 集合、装配; assembly: n 装配

10. expose sth/sb to sth:暴露，面临、遭受

1). People often expose their skin to the sun in summer.

2). I won't expose my soldiers to such unnecessary risks.

11. in that: 在于，因为

1). I like the country better in that it is closer to nature.

12. in question: 正被谈论的，正被考虑的(通常放在被修饰名词后面)

We know nothing about the plan in question.